Kṣitigarbha is a revered bodhisattva in Mahāyāna Buddhism, particularly in East Asian traditions. His name translates to "Earth Treasury" or "Earth Womb," symbolizing his deep compassion and commitment to aiding all beings.
Kṣitigarbha is known for his vow to guide and protect beings in the six realms of existence, especially those suffering in hell, until all are liberated. He is often depicted as a Buddhist monk carrying a staff to open the gates of hell and a wish-fulfilling jewel to bring light to darkness.

Kṣitigarbha's teachings and symbolism are deeply rooted in compassion, perseverance, and the vow to aid all beings, especially those suffering in the hell realms. His most famous vow is to continue guiding souls until all suffering is alleviated, refusing to attain Buddhahood until every being is liberated
Symbolism
  • Monk's Robes: Kṣitigarbha is often depicted as a simple monk, symbolizing humility and dedication to service.
  • Wish-Fulfilling Jewel: Represents his ability to bring light and wisdom to those in darkness.
  • Staff with Six Rings: The rings symbolize his mastery over the six realms of existence, ensuring he can reach all beings in need.
  • Earth Treasury: His name itself signifies boundless patience and compassion, much like the earth that nurtures all beings.
Teachings
  • Liberation from Suffering: Kṣitigarbha is particularly associated with guiding souls in the afterlife and helping them escape karmic retribution.
  • Compassion Without Discrimination: His vow extends to all beings, regardless of their past actions, emphasizing unconditional compassion.
  • Perseverance in Helping Others: His teachings encourage persistence in aiding others, even in the most difficult circumstances